美国科学家说转基因食品是安全的
本周,美国科学家宣称转基因食品对人体和环境总的来说是安全的,美国科学工程医学院联合学院发现改变我们所吃的食物中的基因不会带来象反对人士声称的健康风险。美联社报道大幅增加转基因作物种植面积尚没有导致象支持者声称的食品产量的同比例激增。报告称从这些转基因作物中并没有发现引起环境问题的确凿的证据。所谓基因工程是一种改变生物体内的基因的技术。所改变的作物或其他有体物的基因可以获得正常情况下作物或有机物无法具有的性质。改变作物的基因结构的做法历来受到争议。这些食品通常被称为转基因生物或基因的剪揖。30年来,生物学家常常用基因工程去修改植物的特性,比如说,增加微他命含量,他们也研究了可以抑制昆虫和除草剂产品的作物。农民用除草剂除掉不需要的植物。美国科学咨询委员会周二公布了一份长达408页的报告。委员会成员说对健康和环境有间接或直接影响的评估其实是困难的。他们产关于转基因食物没有做广泛深运的说明是很重要的。报告中他们发现在当前商业化转基因作物与传统育种的作物对于人体健康没有明显差别。也没有在转基因作物中发现影响环境问题的确凿的因果关系的证据。科学咨询委员会确实注意到,科学家不同意关于化学草甘膦可能会导致癌症。草甘膦是一种通常与转基因作物使用的除草剂。草甘膦是一种通常与转基因作物使用的除草剂。
科学家们呼吁对由转基因作物制作的食品的最终结果作更多调查。他们说,官员应该花更少时间担心这些转基因作物是如何被生产的。报告称没有从转基因作物中发现影响环境问题的证据。不过如何抑制杀虫剂的使用是个难题,农民们用化学杀虫剂来防止昆虫和其他动物糟蹋他们的庄稼。报告称大多数转基因作物如大豆,棉花,玉米,油菜一直在被种植,当农民们开始用转基因作物取代传统作物种植时,作物的产量并没有实质性的改变。但是,美国农业部说作物的产量总的来说是在增加,资料未能显示转基因作物在产量上有很高大程度的增长。根据美联社报道,美国科学咨询委员会主席 FRED COULD 说由于更少杀虫剂的使用和更高的产量,农民们总的来说是在增加转基因作物的种植。 GOULD 在北卡罗来纳州大学工作。美国国家科学院成立 150 多年前由当时的美国总统亚伯拉罕 · 林肯时期,提供科学的咨询意见。该科学院早些时候发现吃基因食物不会有安全问题。GOULD 说最新的报告是新颖的因为他们 研究团队成员是从听到对转基因食品的批评和查阅超过1000例的研究后开始启动研究工作的。许多研究这转基因食品的但并不属于研究团队的科学家赞扬了这份研究报告。在康奈尔大学工作的MARK SORRELLS 称这份报告非常匀称,非常精确。报告几次引用了那些已经被发表过的作品的很多内容。当然,也有反对转基因食物的研究人员,CHARLES BENBROOK 先前在华盛顿州立大学任教,不过现在是私人科学顾问。他说他感觉到这些转基因作物运比有些科学家宣传的问题要严重 的多。科学对人类健康的研究还很不充分。一些反对转基因食品的团体在研究报告发表之前就提出了批评。食物水观察学会批评了美国国家科学院从生物科技公司从得到资金赞助使用亲转基因一派的科学家撰写报告。美联社称没有一个曾经赞助过转基因食品研究的团体与农业生物产业有直接的关系。国家科学院说外部专家阅读过这一发现,科学院委员会成员们受到了利益冲突的审查。纽约州立大学 MARION NESTLE 在报告发表之前阅读过这一报告,但是未发表评价。她说,报告揭示了人们对转基因食物效果其实是知之甚少。她补充说如果未读过报告的人们想要结束对转基因食物的两极分化的讨论,这是不可能的。这就表明关于转基因食物的争论仍将继续。
我是沈开付律师。
U.S. Scientists Say Genetically Engineered Foods Are Safe
American scientists announced this week that genetically engineered food is generally safe for humans and the environment.
The National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine found that changing the genetics of what we eat does not carry the health risks that opponents claim.
The Associated Press noted that the growth of genetically engineered crops has yet to lead to a jump in food production, as supporters claimed. The report did not find any conclusive evidence of environmental problems from such crops.
Genetic engineering is the technology of changing the genes of living things. The changed gene directs the plant or other organism to do things it normally does not do.
The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Such foods are commonly called GMOs — for genetically modified organisms, or GEs – meaning genetically edited.
For nearly 30 years, biologists have used genetic engineering to modify plant characteristics like, for example, increasing vitamin levels. They also developed GE crops to resist insects and herbicide products. Farmers use herbicides to kill unwanted plants.
The science advisory board released its 408-page report on Tuesday. The group’s members said that they recognize it is difficult to measure the indirect or long-term effects in health or the environment. They said it is important not to make wide, far-reaching statements about genetically engineered foods.
The report said the scientists “found no substantiated evidence of a difference in risks to human health between currently commercialized genetically engineered crops and conventionally bred crops, nor did it find conclusive cause-and-effect evidence of environmental problems from the GE crops.”
The group, however, did note that scientists do not agree about whether the chemical glyphosate causes cancer. Glyphosate is a herbicide that is often used with genetically engineered crops.
The scientists called for more investigation into the end-product of foods made from GE crops. They said officials should spend less time worrying about how such crops are created.
The report said there is no evidence of environmental problems from genetically engineered crops, but pesticide resistance is a problem. Farmers use chemical pesticides to keep insects and other animals from killing their crops.
Most of the modified plants being grown are soybean, cotton, corn and canola. When farms began growing GE crops instead of traditional ones, there was no substantial change in the amount produced, the report said.
Production of crops, in general, is increasing. The report said U.S. Department of Agriculture data fails to show that GMO crops are increasing at a higher rate.
"Farmers in general are gaining" with less pesticide use and higher productivity, academy committee chairman Fred Gould, according to the Associated Press. Gould works at North Carolina State University.
The National Academy was established more than 150 years ago by then-President Abraham Lincoln to provide scientific advice. The group said earlier it could find no safety problems with eating genetically engineered food.
Gould said this latest report is different because his team started by listening to critics of GE foods, and looked at more than 1,000 studies.
Many scientists who have explored the issue, but were not part of the study team, praised the report. Mark Sorrells at Cornell University called the report, "very well-balanced, accurate.” He said it repeats “much of what has already been published many times."
There are other researchers who still oppose genetically engineered foods. Charles Benbrook formerly worked at Washington State University, but now is a private consultant. He said he feels the risks of such foods are more serious than some scientists do, and that the human health studies are not enough.
Some groups opposed to genetically engineering foods criticized the report before it came out. Food & Water Watch criticized the National Academy for taking money from biotechnology companies and using "pro-GMO scientists" to write its reports.
The Associated Press said none of the groups financing the study have direct connections to the agricultural biotechnology industry. The academy said outside experts read the findings, and committee members were cleared of financial conflicts of interest.
Marion Nestle, of New York University, read the report before its release, but did not write it. She said "the report reveals how little is known about the effects of GE foods." She added if the people behind the report wanted to end the polarization over these foods, "this won't do the trick."
So it seems the debate over GE foods will continue.
I’m KAIFU DAVI LAWYER.